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Go语言方法复用

前言

用过OOP的都知道,子类重写父类的方法可以优雅的实现代码的复用,例如:

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public abstract class People {
String name;
int age;

public People(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}

public void hello() {
System.out.printf("name:%s age:%d sex:%s\n", name, age, sex());
}

public abstract String sex();

static class Male extends People {

public Male(String name, int age) {
super(name, age);
}

@Override
public String sex() {
return "M";
}
}

static class Female extends People {

public Female(String name, int age) {
super(name, age);
}

@Override
public String sex() {
return "F";
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
new Male("小明",20).hello();
new Female("小红",18).hello();
}
}

输出:

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name:小明 age:20 sex:M
name:小红 age:18 sex:F

但是go不支持OOP,那么在go中要类似情况的应该怎么实现?

错误的示范

一开始我想通过go提供的组合模拟继承来实现,于是有了以下代码:

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package main

import (
"fmt"
)

type People struct {
name string
age int
}

func (p *People) say() {
fmt.Printf("name:%s age:%d sex:%s\n", p.name, p.age, p.sex())
}

func (p *People) sex() string {
return "unknown"
}

type Male struct {
People
}

func (m *Male) sex() string {
return "M"
}

type Female struct {
People
}

func (f *Female) sex() string {
return "F"
}

func main() {
m := &Male{People{name: "小明", age: 20}}
m.say()
f := &Female{People{name: "小红", age: 18}}
f.say()
}

上面代码中分别MaleFemale都重写了sex()方法,来进行方法重用,然而运行的结果却和预料的不一样,输出:

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name:小明 age:20 sex:unknown
name:小红 age:18 sex:unknown

从输出结果可以看到,依旧是调用的people结构体的sex方法,因为go并不支持OOP,组合类型其实只是某种形式上的语法弹,并不会改变"父类"中调用的方法。

通过接口实现

抽象一个Sex接口出来,由MaleFemale来具体实现,直接上代码:

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package main

import (
"fmt"
)

type Sex interface {
sex() string
}

type People struct {
name string
age int
Sex
}

func (p *People) say() {
fmt.Printf("name:%s age:%d sex:%s\n", p.name, p.age, p.sex())
}

type Male struct {
}

func (m *Male) sex() string {
return "M"
}

func (m *Male) play(){
fmt.Println("男生爱打游戏")
}

type Female struct {
}

func (f *Female) sex() string {
return "F"
}

func (f *Female) sing() {
fmt.Println("女生爱唱歌")
}

func main() {
m := &People{name: "小明", age: 20, Sex: &Male{}}
m.say()
f := &People{name: "小红", age: 18, Sex: &Female{}}
f.say()
}

输出:

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name:小明 age:20 sex:M
name:小红 age:18 sex:F

不过这样也引入了一个新的问题,mf变量都是People类型,比如现在有个方法需要通过性别来做不同的处理,那么就要使用类型断言来实现了,例如:

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func handle(people *People){
switch sex := people.Sex.(type) {
case *Male:
sex.play()
case *Female:
sex.sing()
default:
panic("error")
}
}

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